19 June 2011

Fuel Efficient Car


15 June 2011

Weaving Textile Engineering

Weaving is a textile craft in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced to form a fabric or cloth. The threads which run lengthways are called the warp and the threads which run across from side to side are the weft or filling.
Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. Weft is an old English word meaning "that which is woven" A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, inclluding tablet weaving, backstrap, or other techniques without looms.
The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain (in one colour or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including tapestries. Fabric in which the warp and/or weft is tie-dyed before weaving is called ikat.
Though traditional handweaving and spinning remain popular crafts, nowadays the majority of commercial fabrics in the West are woven on computer-controlled Jacquard looms. In the past, simpler fabrics were woven on dobby looms, while the Jacquard harness adaptation was reserved for more complex patterns. Some believe the efficiency of the Jacquard loom, with its Jacquard weaving process, makes it more economical for mills to use them to weave all of their fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.


Telenor Pakistan BTS site visit - Part 2


Diversity techniques
To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at an equal distance to an uneven multiple of a quarter of wavelength (for 900 MHz the wavelength it is 30 cm). This technique, known as antenna diversity or space diversity, avoids interruption caused by path fading. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing requires more complex installation, but better performance is obtained in this configuration.
Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques such as frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity.
Splitting
The flow of power within a particular area of the cell, known as sector. Every field can therefore be considered like one new cell. By using directional antennas, the co-channel interference is reduced. A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are three sectors, each one served by separate antennas. Every sector has a separate direction of tracking of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an omnidirectional antenna, which radiates in all directions. Bisectored cells are also implemented with the antennas serving sectors of 180° separation to one another.

Telenor Pakistan BTS site visit - Part 1

A base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless internet connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX gadgets etc. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX etc.
BTS is also referred to as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation eNB for evolved node B is widely used.

Pakistani Mechatronics Engineers



12 June 2011

Solidworks in Design and Assembly

SolidWorks is a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design) program that runs on Microsoft Windows and is being developed by Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp.,. SolidWorks is currently used by over 1.3 million engineers and designers at more than 130,000 companies worldwide. FY2009 revenue for SolidWorks, was 366 million dollars.

3D Mechanical Design Applications

SolidWorks Standard
SolidWorks Professional
SolidWorks Premium provides a suite of product development tools mechanical design, design verification, data management, and communication tools. SolidWorks Premium includes all of the capabilities of SolidWorks Professional as well as routing and analysis tools, including SolidWorks Routing, SolidWorks Simulation, and SolidWorks Motion.
SolidWorks Education Edition Provides the same design functionality but is configured and packaged for engineering and industrial design students.

Design Validation Tools

SolidWorks Simulation is a design validation tool that shows engineers how their designs will behave as physical objects.
SolidWorks Motion is a virtual prototyping tool that provides motion simulation capabilities to ensure designs function properly.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation is a tool that tests fluid-flow simulation and thermal analysis so designers can conduct tests on virtual prototypes.
SolidWorks Simulation Premium is a design validation tool that caters to designers without engineering background.
SolidWorks Sustainability is a product that measures the environmental impact of designs while they are modeled in SolidWorks.

Product Data Management Tools

SolidWorks Workgroup PDM is a PDM tool that allows SolidWorks users operating in teams of 10 members or less to work on designs concurrently. With SolidWorks PDM Workgroup, designers can search, revise, and vault CAD data while maintaining an accurate design history.
SolidWorks Enterprise PDM

Design Communication and Collaboration Tools

eDrawings Professional An e-mail-enabled communication tool for reviewing 2D and 3D product design data across the extended product development team. eDrawings generates accurate representations of DWGgateway is a free data translation tool that enables any AutoCAD software user to open and edit any DWG file, regardless of the version of AutoCAD it was made in.
SolidWorks Viewer is a free plug-in for viewing SolidWorks parts, assemblies, and drawings.

CAD Productivity Tools

SolidWorks Toolbox is a library of parts that uses "Smart Part" Technology to automatically select fasteners and assemble them in the desired sequence.
SolidWorks Utilities is software that lets designers find differences between two versions of the same part, or locate, modify, and suppress features within a model.
FeatureWorks is feature recognition software that lets designers make changes to static geometric data, increasing the value of translated files. With FeatureWorks, designers can preserve or introduce new design intent when bringing 3D models created in other software into the SolidWorks environment.


Specialty Design Tools

SolidWorks Routing
MoldflowXpress is a mold design validation tool that was built into a solid modeling environment. It enables mold designers to quickly and easily validate whether a plastic injection-molded part can be filled.
SolidWorks MoldBase is a catalog of standard mold base assemblies and components. The package enables designers to generate a completely assembled mold base.
Print3D is a 3D printing feature that allows users to convert their 3D CAD model to an .STL file and then have it sent to specialty manufacturers for quote. The .STL files can be used to generate an instant binding quoted using the Quickquote technology.
DriveWorks Xpress DriveWorksXpress is the easy to use, Rules-based Design Automation tool for SolidWorks Engineers.
Create multiple variations of parts, assemblies and drawings quickly and accurately.




Roles of Engineers in Manufacturing

Many engineers have as their function the designing of the products.The product is brought into reality through the processing or fabrication of materials.

Design Engineer should know what the design is to accomplish what assumption can be made, what service environment of product must withstand what appearance the final product is to have.

To meet  these requirements  the material(s) to be used must be selected and specified. In most cases to utilize the material, and to enable the product to have the desired form, the designer knows that the certain manufacturing process will have to be employed. In many cases the selection of material may dictate the what the manufacturing process must be used or the utilization of the process effectively and economically, certain dimensional size can dictate the process. Design for manufacturing uses the knowledge of manufacturing process,  and so the design and manufacturing engineers should work together to integrate design and manufacturing activities.

Manufacturing Engineers select and coordinate specific process and equipments to be used, Or supervise and manage their use. These engineers must have a broad knowledge about manufacturing process so that desired operation can be done effectively and efficiently without overloading or damaging the machines and without adversely affecting the materials being processed.

Industrial Engineers /Manufacturing Engineers are responsible for the design layout of the factories. They must take into account the inter relationship of design and the properties of the materials.

Material Engineers devote their major efforts to developing new and better materials. They too concerned with how these materials can be processed and with the effects that the processing will have on the properties of the materials. Although their role may be quit different, it is apparent that a large proportion of engineers must concern themselves with the interrelationships of the material and manufacturing process.

06 June 2011

Solar Thermal Success Story of 1987-2011

This is a story of a lady Doctor, Dr. Zarina Khan running an ULTRASONIC Clinic at Blue Area, Islamabad. She has been benefiting from solar energy as a source for heating water for the last 25 years to fulfill the demands of hot water in her clinic. Talking to me, she informed that in 1987 a local engineer designed six solar panels to form a Solar Thermal Geyser. She purchased that Geyser at the cost of Rs. 50,000 and installed it in her clinic. This installation compensated her by reducing the gas bills to only Rs. 250/month. The efficiency of solar geyser was enhanced by covering it with black glass. A black painted storage tank was used to store hot water for use in evening as well. This geyser was able to warm the water up to 30oC. These geysers’ worked perfectly for more than a decade and were replaced after that since they were leaking.
She was quite satisfied with this method of heating water so continued using solar thermal geysers. In 1998, she bought two new units each cost Rs. 12,000 from an Australian Company. However, recently she had to remove these units due to construction of a new floor in the plaza where her clinic is situated. Nonetheless, she is consistent on her strategy to exploit this carbon free and uninterrupted energy and hunting to install similar solar thermal geysers in addition to PV solar panels at her residence. She feels that youth of Pakistan should take the lead now and proactively use this energy & introduce innovations to make them better.

02 June 2011

Cool Engineering Sites


A Sightseer’s Guide to Engineering for Students

Spotlights how engineers improve our lives.
www.engineeringsights.org

Discover Engineering

Tells all about engineers and the cool stuff they build.
www.discoverengineering.org

Engineer Girl

All about engineering from a girl’s perspective.
www.engineergirl.org

Green Building Pages

This site provides links and resources to associations and other groups who promote "Green" engineering.
www.greenbuildingpages.com

Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century

Learn about many of the greatest engineering accomplishments of the 20th Century.
www.greatachievements.org

Guide Me NACME

Student website with activities and information about engineering. Provided by the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME)
www.nacmebacksme.org

How Stuff Works

Provides articles, information and games that promote engineering and invention.
express.howstuffworks.com

“School to Careers” Iowa Public Television

Find information on varied professionals and what they do in their jobs here. For example, “Meet a Civil Engineer.”
www.careers.iptv.org

FIRST Robotics Competition

This is an exciting, multinational competition that teams professionals with students to solve engineering problems in an intense and competitive way. Check out the competition videos in the “What we do” section.
www.usfirst.org

How Everyday Things Are Made

Find out how things are made from Double Bubble Bubble Gum to airplanes. See videos and get links to manufacturers’ websites.
http://manufacturing.stanford.edu

JETS

The Junior Engineering Technical Society provides real-world insight and challenges for high school students.
www.jets.org

Extreme Engineering

Interactive tours of extreme engineering projects.
http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/engineering

TryScience

TryScience.org is your gateway to experience the excitement of contemporary science and technology through on and offline interactivity with over 400 science and technology centers worldwide.
www.tryscience.org

What’s That Stuff?

Ever wondered about what’s really in hair coloring, Silly Putty, Cheese Wiz, artificial snow, or self-tanners? Here’s a collection of articles that gives you a look at the chemistry behind a wide variety of products.
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff.html

The IEEE Virtual Museum

Imagine life without telephones, TVs, computers, X-rays, lasers and the Internet. These technologies all have one thing in common – they all use electricity and magnetism. See videos and walk through virtual exhibits.
www.ieee-virtual-museum.org

Exploratorium

This museum of science, art and human perception is located in San Francisco. Visit its online counterpart here with over 15,000 web pages.
www.exploratorium.edu

Engineering Net

A collection of links and valuable engineering career information.
www.engineeringnet.com

Leonardo da Vinci

His life and machines from the National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy.
www.museoscienza.org/english/leonardo

Building Big

Explore large structures and what it takes to build them. Read interviews with real engineers. This website and accompanying five-part television PBS series is a production of WGBH Boston.
www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig

Engineering K12 Center

Explore engineering fields, learn how to get and pay for an engineering education, and have fun with interactive engineering games and resources.
www.engineeringk12.org/students

Engineering Pathway

This is the engineering education wing of the National Science Digital Library. Check out Community Resources for Engineering Students for great information and links to find out more about engineering schools.
www.engineeringpathway.com

Engineering Summer Camps

Engineering summer camp programs for pre-college students.
www.asme.org/Communities/Students/K12

Sloan Career Cornerstone Center

If you are beginning to consider career paths, this site can help you explore the fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computing.
www.careercornerstone.org/forstudents.htm

Envirolink

This non-profit organization offers a vast clearing house of online resources and links that include many engineering areas of interest.
www.envirolink.org

Engineering Search Engines:

www.athenus.com
www.google.com/Top/Science/Technology
http://infomine.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/search?physci

01 June 2011

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